Behavioral Theories of Learning

Skinners speech provides that ordained reinforcers are any take in of encouragement like rewards, awards and lasts and unequivocal supporting is the act itself of receiving the reward or achieving the cultivation (Skinner B. F. , 1969). The definitions of operant ill-temperedizeing provide that banish backup is a mode of behavioural theory that as a chair of experiencing a prejudicious condition, a occurrence air is enhanced, strengthened or emphasized. (http//www. mcli. dist. maricopa. edu/proj/nru/opcond. html, 1999).A broad(a) shell of cocksure reinforcement interior a classroom would be a teacher large tautologic assign for students who would achieve a authoritative spirited average. How is this corroboratory reinforcement? Students exit wrick make to excel and give superfluous effort to achieve the award and in the process they get to learn more than ultimately gathering them in the end. A pre-school teacher giving candy to the brave trivial girl who will non call out and back out of her first mean solar day in school is also an fount of positive reinforcement.The school board giving an award or an additional benefit for the teacher of the month, this is another utilization of a positive reinforcement. Why is that? By bright to give a little extra something, the school encourages the teachers to improve their over-all teaching accomplishment and by doing so, they are encouraging a little friendly competition among crevice educators. The learning curve is sure to originate the charts if all the teachers and students are motivated. How will that be achieved? It is simple.The teachers will be inspired to theorise of innovative teaching methods that will be inwardnessive on students and in twine the students learn more. Some teachers are not as approachable as others that is the priming coat why students dont solicit questions even though they did not fully understand the subject consequence, as a solution, they can make themselves available to students for consultation. As a result, the schools instructional framework benefits because of cooperation and communication. Everybody gets a special physical body of something in the end.The key word in positive reinforcement is benefit. One guidance or another, everyone receives something beneficial to himself and to others as well. An example of negative reinforcement inside the quaternary corners of the classroom would be a teacher who warns students that if they fail the exam they would get an self-loading failing grade. This is negative reinforcement because if a student wants to avoid acquire a failing grade, he would study. His studying habits will be strengthened as a consequence of creation threatened of getting a failing grade.The application of negative reinforcement can be roughly usually seen in the lines of didactics and reform. The use of fines, imprisonment is one such(prenominal) example of the use of negative reinforcem ent to warn of the negative consequences of associating with social ills (Skinner,1953). negative Reinforcement as compared to punishment strengthens a behavior because a negative condition is stopped or avoided as a result of such behavior sequence the last mentioned weakens a behavior because of the introduction of a negative condition as a result of the behavior (mcli. dist.maricopa. edu, 1999). An example of punishment is when a student is caught beguiler by his professor, the consequence would be cargo deck or suspension. Another demeanor of a student which is very suitable for punishment is bribing a teacher in enounce for him to get an A. This law-breaking should be dealt with seriously because it can affect the educational system not to mention the flake and reputation of the school. Punishment endeavors to make the individual realize the intensity of the offense that was move and for him to reflect on his actions.All these will be in vain if an important goal of punishment is not achieved, which goal is for the soulfulness not to repeat the same offense ever again. The application of these kinds of reinforcement seems upon the positioning and the individual upon whom these will be enforced. reckon expelling a student for being caught littering inside the school grounds. The use of these types of reinforcements would depart not except because of a particular scenario exclusively the attitude and intent of the somebody involved would have to be interpreted into consideration as well. In positive and negative reinforcement, the responses and effects are unpredictable.The effect would be of course either positive or negative as well. verificatory outgrowth results when the in demand(p) response or behavior is achieved by using a certain kind of reinforcement, however, this desired outcome is not always achieved. For instance, in positive reinforcement, the aim is improvement and encouragement still the psyche of the person being moti vated or encouraged does not depend on the positive reinforcer. For instance, no matter what benefit the teacher promises the student only when the latter is not moved by it, there would be no positive result.The results in negative reinforcement, the aim of which is education or reform, will not be accomplished when the expected reaction or behavior is not achieved. As in the example given above, when a teacher suspends or sends a student in detention for cheating but the latter does it again, negative outcome results. In the field of education, positive or negative enforcement or even punishment whitethorn be associated with each other not only because they are modes to elicit a certain response from a student but because of the result they so aspire.The means may be different but the desired end to be achieved is the same to increase the learning potential and more significantly to mold the students behavior for the better. References Skinner B. F. , 1969, Contingencies of Rein forcement A hypothetic Analysis, New York Appleton-Century-Crofts. Retrieved 04/03/09 from http//www. freeonlineresearchpapers. com/ Macopa Center for Learning and educational activity Retrieved 04/03/09 from http//www. mcli. dist. maricopa. edu/proj/nru/opcond. html Skinner B. F. , 1953, Science and tender Behaviour, New York Macmillan. Retrieved 04/03/09 from http//www. freeonlineresearchpapers. com/